Large metal contamination in groundwater is a major issue in Pakistan, and research have reported the existence of hefty metals including direct, cadmium, chromium, and nickel in lots of samples previously mentioned the permissible limitations set from the WHO [161,175]. The resources of heavy metallic contamination are different, such as https://gabletopcontainers.food.blog/2025/01/09/the-impact-of-gable-top-cartons-on-sustainable-packaging-in-various-industries/